Especially for you, a series of articles about agriculture in Israel in Russian. Our authors, these people are well aware of not only the state of affairs in agriculture in Israel, but also Russia's agrarian problems. We hope that these articles you will find not only useful information, but simply with interest and pleasure to read about the deficit into a plethora of products, and the problem where and how to buy into the problem of where and how to sell. Acquainted with the technology to help the country with limited resources and extreme for agricultural climatic conditions not only to provide food for its people, but also to become a major exporter of s / s products.
In CIS countries, this problem is to make yourself at a loss and how to sell at a profit, also exist, but to solve such problems can only be achieved through the development of its own products literate and educated, knowledgeable and able to use modern knowledge, advanced technology, the laws of the market and marketing . The goal of our project - to help.
Preface.
These short articles I address in the first place to you, my dear friends and colleagues - Russian farmers. Since 1986, in Russia I was first agricultural cooperative, then the farm, so that the needs and concerns, joys and sorrows of Russian farmers, I fully experienced. I now live in Israel.
I was able to see and learn a lot, meet with colleagues, Israeli farmers, including people from Russia, and kibbutznik moshavnikami, people involved in the maintenance of agro-producers and suppliers of agricultural equipment and machinery, with researchers and developers of new technologies and equipment, Seed producers and suppliers of seedlings and planting material, and many others. I hope this information can help you to be not only interesting, but also useful, because much of what is possible in Israel, or rather should be used in Russia.
It is my duty to share knowledge and experiences obtained here, and the company JHi IS I built and led since 1999, with the help interested / s producers to obtain and apply in their fields and areas of knowledge not only modern, but also the necessary materials and equipment to equip their farms.
Agriculture in Israel. A bit of history and modernity.
In May 2004, the State of Israel is 56 years old. During this short period, there has been quite a high level and quality of life, the Israeli shekel became a convertible currency, the population of the country over the years has grown from 550,000 to 5.5 million, by the way, more than a million due to emigration from the Soviet Union and the CIS. Managed to achieve not only the food independence, but also to become one of the leading exporters of agricultural products and agricultural technology naisovremenneyshy.
Develop agriculture had almost from scratch, and even in very difficult climatic conditions: 50% of the country is in a semi-arid zone, that is in the wilderness, and the average annual rainfall is 100-200 mm per year, and these rains fall only in winter.
In the late forties, early fifties in the country in a critical situation with food. The population is constantly increasing, and the unstable political situation, the economic blockade and constant military threat from neighboring Arab countries, Israel forced the government in April 1949 to introduce the country's "economy mode", but simply a card system that lasted until the 60s.
Technology
Use of traditional technologies do not allow for the necessary number of state food and peasants began the task: how to get out of this situation? Extensive way of development was unacceptable because of the limited territory and resources. There was only one way out - to develop intensive agriculture. This was possible thanks to the dedicated work and enthusiasm in the harshest conditions, mastering abandoned for centuries uncultivated land, inventing and applying the most advanced and innovative technology in a lack of financial and material resources. Contribution to development made by the scientists who developed cheap and efficient irrigation technology, allowing for ill water deficit irrigate the land and get several harvests a year, regardless of the vagaries of nature. There are new varieties of plants and highly productive breeds of cattle. Steel produces drip irrigation and low-volume, the new lightweight and durable construction of greenhouses.
Selection
Breeders brought breed of dairy cattle that are adapted to local conditions, and now no one farm will not keep a cow that gives less than 8,000 liters of milk per lactation, and the average yield on the country 10 000 liters, it is the standard, and all this in the heat to 40 - 45 degrees in the summer and very economical expenditure of feed. Average milk fat content of 3.5%. Growers received excellent varieties of vegetables are not only high-yielding, but also with great utility value. Experts and breeders of seed companies with scientists Genetics Institute and the Weizmann Institute's name to them. Volcani create new hybrids and varieties of crops in a very short period of time, using the latest advances in science and widely used genetic engineering. Varieties and hybrids was ordered manufacturers to pre-set parameters.
Local farmers say: If we order, for example square or hexagonal watermelons cucumbers in the box, then after a year we will have the seeds! At no time has been adjusted industrial production of drip irrigation and automatic watering control, allowing for a given program file directly in the root zone of plants for water and nutrients. We can say that the rise of agriculture in Israel all the people involved, and the results were immediate. By the early sixties the country's food security problem was solved. In 1959 he abolished the card system, and since then in Israel are not aware of food shortages.
Marketing. Domestic and international
Agriculture, received such a strong start in a very short time, has to produce a lot of food and other agricultural products. This situation forced the search for markets, and Israel in the sixties began to conduct active marketing policy in order to gain foreign markets. Today it is the largest exporter of vegetables, flowers, citrus and more. Significant place in the export of the image. Israel is one of the main suppliers of the international flower market. When you buy a bouquet of roses and carnations to the Women's Day or any other holiday, know that these flowers are grown for sure your Israeli counterparts and have come a long way first to the wholesale flower markets of Holland, and then to the world, including in Russia. The volume of exports in value terms is around half a billion dollars a year. Yes, dear friends, do not be surprised, this is not a problem and not a typo. Figure 1.419 billion dollars a year is correct. This figure reflects only export.
the source of which is the Sea of Galilee, as all the small rivers that are in the country, by May dry. Israel's water supply for domestic and agricultural purposes by means of sluice-Israeli, which was completed in June 1964. Since then, every Israeli apartment, in every place, even in a remote small town, and there is water, which is fed regularly, that is, every day and every hour, a good under pressure and in the right quantities. For agriculture, and water is used in part to the treatment plants of large cities. But this water is used for irrigation only commercial crops such as cotton, since Israeli law prohibits the use of treated water for irrigation of vegetable and fruit plantations.
Every field has water distribution manifolds with counters, allowing to supply water at any time and in the right quantities. Generally, all of the irrigation system equipped with a more or less automatic, ranging from simple and inexpensive controllers to complex systems to manage your personal computer, wired or wireless connection, and the farmer sitting on a hot summer afternoon at his home, under the cool breeze of the air conditioner can monitor and adjust watering at home or in a greenhouse, which sometimes are at the distance of several kilometers.
In the photo, one of the agricultural settlements in the deserts of Arabia.
Instead of an epilogue
In this article, I paid much attention to the water for the reason that the words of the famous song and without water, and the amplitude and sudi ... In Israel, it is an axiom. However there is water. And the harvest is. And I'm looking at the river Jordan, the Russian concepts more like a stream, sadly reminded of deep river Kuban, water supplies which would be enough that would turn all of Israel, and probably the whole Middle East in biblical Garden of Eden ...
And think about how inefficient and disorderly water Kuban and other full-flowing Russian rivers is used, or rather not used wisely and the fields dry out harvest ...
Efficient, economical use of resources to best effect - is a problem not only farmers or other agricultural producers. This is a challenge for any country. It is the task of the government and local authorities. Creating favorable conditions for rural workers, we can solve many problems, ranging from raising the living standards of rural people, the preservation of natural resources and the environment, to solve the key strategic objective of any state: food security!
